Managing Business in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Business in Europe - Essay Example Though, there are lot of prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe, majority of the production of automobiles required for the European market is outsourced. The prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe are DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen (VW), BMW, Ford Europe, General Motors (GM) Europe, Renault, PSA (Peugeot-Citro'n), Fiat and Porsche etc. "The EU is the largest automotive production region in the world and the industry comprises 6.5 % of the manufacturing sector in the Union. Direct employment by the automotive industry stands at about 2.2 million employees, while the total employment effect (direct and indirect) is estimated to be about 12 million" (THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR, 2009). This report analyses; Influence of EU's policies on Automotive Industry; Influence of Single European Market or EMU on Automotive Industry; Opportunities and threats for Automotive Industry associated with the enlargement of the European Union; Automotive Industry strategies for Europe etc. The increasingly international setting of business makes it harder and harder to establish the boundaries of a national economy or even to separate the European economy from its global context (Wallace &Young, 1997, p.3) Globalization and liberalization policies have revolutionized the who world and the business strategies were redefined in order to meet the demands of a global world by many of the organizations. Separate co-operative sectors are working in most of the parts of the world in order to exploit the possibilities opened by globalization. EU is one of such co-operation aimed at the integration of the whole European region for the collective growth. The current focus of the EU institutions is on making the EU one of the most competitive markets in the world by 2010 and ensuring stable economic growth. Efforts to this end include investment in human capital, improvements in physical infrastructure and enhancement of available network in the transportation, telecommunications and energy sectors. To counter sluggish economic conditions compounded by uncertainties due to geopolitical tensions and international terrorism, the European Commission has endorsed economic growth initiatives including European Action for Growth (Country Industry Forecast - European Union Automotive Industry, 2004) EU has implemented lot of strategies in order to encourage the automotive industries in the European region and to make the region, the world's highest automobile manufacturing region. At present the Asia-Pacific region holds this position and the EU has taken every possible measure to capture the first position. Environmental legislation and recycling legislation are some of the strategies adopted by EU in order to raise the standards of automobile manufacturing in this area. "The EU emissions standards are compulsory in all EU Member States. The

The Al Qaida Transnational Terrorist Network Essay

The Al Qaida Transnational Terrorist Network - Essay Example But the larger issue revolved around the nature of terrorism itself and its emerging modus operandi. Whether the 11 September attacks in the United States were the delayed manifestation of Oplan Bojinka, as some believe, or whether they were an isolated plan, it is clear that terrorism--and particularly that form of terrorism practiced by al Qaeda --has fundamentally changed. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States has achieved significant successes in its war on terrorism. Removing the Taliban government in Afghanistan, thereby eliminating al Qaeda's sanctuary and training camps, has broken an important link in the process that once provided al Qaeda's leadership with a continuing flow of recruits. Toppling the Taliban also demonstrated American resolve and international support, and it underscored the considerable risk run by governments that provide assistance to terrorists. From the summary in above, I would like to gradually come down to particular research of Al Qaeda terrorist organization. I will first discuss the historical and statistical facts about organization, than make the insights into organizational motivations and strategy finally will come out with conclusions as for the possible ways of dealing with future possible attacks. History Al Qaeda was a product of the struggle to reject the Soviet Union from Afghanistan. Portrayed as a holy war, that campaign brought together volunteers and financial contributors from throughout the Islamic world. Muslims from Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Southeast Asia, and beyond fought side by side, forging relationships and creating a cadre of veterans who shared a powerful life experience, a more global view, and a heady sense of confidence underscored by the Soviet Union's ultimate withdrawal and subsequent collapse, for which they assumed credit. Instead of being welcomed home as heroes, however, the returning veterans of the Afghan campaign were watched by suspicious regimes who worried that the religious fervour of the fighters posed a political threat. Isolated at home, they became ready recruits for new campaigns. There were ample reasons and opportunities to continue the fight: the Gulf War and the consequent arrival of American troops in Saudi Arabia; the continued repression of Islamic challenges to local regimes; armed struggles in Algeria, Egypt, the newly independent Muslim republics of the former Soviet Union, Kashmir, the Philippines, and Bosnia; the forces of globalization that seemed threatening to all local cultures; and the continuing civil war in Afghanistan. Organizational survival, the natural desire to continue in meaningful activity, and the rewards of status and an inflated self-image contributed powerful incentives to continue the fight. The subsequent victories of a like-minded Taliban guaranteed safe haven for the militants and their training camps, which graduated thousands of additional volunteers (Cullison, Higgins, 2001). What Osama bin Laden and his associates contributed to this potent but unfocused force was a sense of vision, mission, and strategy that combined 20th century theory of a unified Islamic polity with restoration of the Islamic Caliphate that, at its height, stretched

Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poems - Essay Example These perspectives are reinforced by the mythical approach that Coleridge has taken. He describes the almost superhuman power that Kubla possesses through the fear that the speaker wishes to impart on his ‘subjects’. The same mysticism applies to his desire to be the demon lover, which shares the same divine and scary characteristics. The use of altered states of consciousness was popular among writers and poets in the Romantic Movement. It is important to note that the narrative was based on an opium-influenced dream. As a result, the poem features some hallucinatory aspects. The instance of ‘flashing eyes’ and ‘floating hair’ correlates to the tenets of the movement. It idealized the use of imagination over the power of reason. In that respect, Coleridge utilizes his imagination to develop a narrative that personifies his character as that of Kubla Khan. The movement appreciated the use of religious and divine ideals, as opposed to rational co ntent related to scientific knowledge. The same Romantic ideals have been used in developing mystic themes and references in the narrative. The speaker highlights the dread that engulfs his ‘subjects’ and invokes divine practices as part of their response to Kubla. For example, Coleridge explains ‘weave a circle around him thrice†¦ (Coleridge 51)’ Mary Shelley lived at a time when societies were at a crossroads. In her time, the world was engulfed in thought concerning various philosophical concerns, which were centered on the well-being of the human individual. For example, political philosophy of the time was focused on natural rights, enfranchisement and what constitutes human nature. This was a time that slavery existed legally in parts of the world. In that respect, Shelley develops the nature of her monster as part of her revolutionary ideals. She believed in equality among individuals, and that each has his/her own right to determination. Simila rly, the narrative exposes her beliefs in the representation of disability. The monster appears physically disoriented, and its body is considered repulsive. As a result, it is discriminated upon by the larger society. However, Shelley disputes this ideal that had permeated the societies of the time. She highlights that physical differences to ‘normal’ people did not change their human nature. In that regard, she grants the monster equal cognitive and lingual ability to ‘normal’ people. This serves as a representation of her revolutionary stance on natural rights. The monster may be regarded as autistic by some. At the time, disabled people were disregarded in the society, and seen as foolish and unfruitful individuals. The presentation of the monster contravenes these ideals and may be regarded as revolutionary. However, Shelley’s monster highlights that disabled individuals can maintain their productivity. This is seen through the monster’s intellect and actions. In that respect, Shelley speaks out against oppression, which may be regarded as a revolutionary ideal. This is seen through the themes of anger and loneliness that surround the monster. The author explores her revolutionary views on equality by developing her monster as a being that possesses human nature. This is seen through her monster’s cognitive development. It begins by attempting to connect with other human beings

The Strange Case of Mr Hyde and Dr Jekyll Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Mr Hyde and Dr Jekyll Essay I the conflicting seed of everymans agonising conscience stirs deep in the inveterate, dark, depths of the inner soul. Time spent in patience, waiting in earnest for favourable conditions to germinate, a yearning to be nurtured; to be fed, fed the pleasures that would supply my imperious craving; to permit the outstretching and entanglement of my darkened roots into the depths of the nourishing elixir of life itself. Thus countless times I fought my perennial war, with my so-called double-dealer. On occasions my very existence hung in the balance. My utmost pleasures were denied me; I was kept concealed, hidden as if I were an open, infected, contagious wound, suppressed by the heavy weight of honour and dignity. His goodness, his knowing righteousness strangles my growth like bind weed to a new sapling, If it were not for my hosts rather growing intrigue and exacting aspirations of mans divided and compounded dual nature of good and ill, coupled with his morbid sense of shame and guilt. I would have long past this hour. But much to my joyous wickedness, he dwelt with pleasure, on the notion, that life could be relieved of all that was unbearable; a departure of our intertwined, conflicting qualities; hence to permit him to walk unfalteringly and firmly on his upward path, enabling him to derive pleasure in its most purest form, no longer, exposed to dishonour and penitence, delivered from my extraneous evil. On this darkened mystical hour, shadows beckoned me to watch the ultimate demise of the labours of my double-dealer. Elements were weighed to precise accuracy, and then compounded. I watched behind the veil of darkness, watched hungrier than I had ever been before, watched as these elements bubbled and smoulder mutually in the glass vessel. Attractive temptation hung in the air, teasing, tantalising and encouraging the flows of my frenzied juices to run wild, bittersweet poisons tripped through the chemically charged room. I gleefully waited for my host to feed the very essence of my soul, my unripe, immature soul; I am yet still but an infant as if unblemished by the first utterances of lies. The poison slipped smoothly through his lips. My villainous senses had long since been awoken, awoken by the pungent smells that fill the laboratory. I craved for this elixir, this elixir that will open the doorway to my freedom. This power is like nothing I have felt in hand, it surges right to my core. Rapidly I exceed in height and statue, filling his inadequate skin. He clutches at me now, ripping, tearing and scratching at my very flesh, his intense moaning and crying fills the darkness. No more so does he deserve that tormentor, than I deserved the suppression I have felt over this exceeding and exasperating time, henceforth justice be done. I inhale deep and strong, sucking and drawing my opposition into myself. With every lungful of air my escalating evil powers engulf all that is righteous; as I exhale his morality flips into immorality. The first wholesome breaths of my new life were one of wicked exhilaration. I felt the power of control, no longer was I pushed to the subterranean of this being, held fast by principles and ethics. Freedom was mine to be had. I would blithely rejoice and celebrate this happening. I proceeded to banquet in malevolent, malign thoughts, feast on the pureness of evil and drink from the chalice of cruelty. Glowing as I was with eagerness and triumph at my newly born body, freedom tastes fresh and tantalising. I aspired to observe my fully formed transformation. Some innate sense compelled me to venture crossed the yard. With slight agitation I slipped silently through these foreign corridors, an outsider in the midst of a home that felt partially mine; and coming to a room, I witnessed my reflection; a sight that thrilled and elated me, evil placed its mark upon my countenance, deformity and decay strongly exuded itself from my entirety, my hideous, repulsive image leapt at me with a warm welcome. My eyes danced, played and frolicked with the devil himself. For now time escaped my clutches, the wakening of day was near; the once blackened sky grew lighter with every passing moment. I hurriedly fled this dreamt of house, took flight before daylight reached out and took hold of me to shake and judder my very supremacy. I took shelter in the laboratory, mulling over the deprived pleasures with which I wish to make haste to seek, the ultimate goal, self-satisfaction. This time, I myself am the victim of the writhing, cramping pangs that succeed the drinking of the poison; a noose grips my fervent wickedness, Im engulfed by a pureness, a loving wholesome conscience, it quashes and suffocates my once supreme sinfulness. Gradually I decline in spirit, the hour of my death felt nigh. With wrath of new, I struggled to escape captivation, restraint no longer was my collaborator, His statue grows stronger as mine fades; he overwhelms me with his kindness. Yet my strength is not subdued to the former, I have grown, my power increased, eventually he will submit to the pleasures I offer him, temptation can surpass his profound reasoning, enticing him to the slavery of the joys that I bring.

A marketing report and analysis of Nestle

A marketing report and analysis of Nestle Nestle is the leader in food and beverage industry with wide range of products which accompany consumers live from birth through adulthooh, from breakfast to dinner, at home and elsewhere. This, day by day, represents them as a great responsibility and commitment to quality, taste and nutrion across all their products, to touch lives in a positive way and earn customers trust. They have joined into nutrion, health and wellness strategy with three fundamental beliefs: Pleasure and health: Nutrion have great taste if it is a part of healthy balanced diet. Eating with moderation and balance: Nestles products are designed to a variety of choices for every moment of the day and for all company members. Transparent communication: Transparent is the best way to win customers trust. All ingredients used to produce Nestles products are included on the label. With long term commitment is to enable customer an informed choices about diets and lifestyle, helping them care for themselves and their families, Nestle is really a leader in nutrion, health and wellness area. Business generates the most revenue Nutrion, Health and Wellness generates the most revenue for Nestle. In the recent year 2010, Nutrion, Health and Wellness confirms Nestles strategic direction, with main products is Food and Beverages creat 103.722 CHF millions in revenue equal to 94.53% in Total Revenue. Nestle, 2011, Strong 2010 performance press release, http://www.nestle.com/Common/ NestleDocuments/Documents/Library/Events/2010-full-year-results/Press_Release_EN.pdf Nutrion, Health and Wellness market, which is 100 percent right as determining from Nestles Board of Management in 2007, is a massive market for growing. Over 5 year operating, the industry keep fastest growing rate and contribute most revenue for corporate. This industry has been opened for Nestle S.A in 2007 by Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman when he produce Nestle Roadmap a strategy to transform corperate from traditional business into Nutrion, Health and Wellness with slogan Good Food, Good Life . Business generates the most profit Nutrion, Health and Wellness is the area that brings in for corporation the most profit. In 2010, with EBIT rate of 13.4% equal to 13.898 CHF millions, Food and Beverages main range of products in Nutrion, Health and Wellness area creats main income in total for corperation. Nestle, 2011, Strong 2010 performance press release, http://www.nestle.com/Common/ NestleDocuments/Documents/Library/Events/2010-full-year-results/Press_Release_EN.pdf Business will drive grow in the next decade These are 4 areas provide Nestle exciting prospect for continuos growing in the next decade: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Emerging markets and PPP Out-of-home leadership Premiumisation Nestles Successful Transformation from traditional business into a nutrion, health and wellness company, that brings them to No.2 player all over the world. Efficiently investing in value-added category. Stronger finance and credit. Flexible reaction to changing in strict health care standard and unfair competing. Their global strategy and local execution help them reach almost targets in recent years. Corperate Responsibility. In recent years, to become a successful corperation nowadays, these are their vital programs, which have contributed not only for society but also for themself as listed: Essential Program Context Action Achievement Rural Development Creat positive impact on argriculture area (provide local employment, technical transforming), and evironmental development Provide 200.000 local employments For Nestle: profitable growth, better quality in raw material, raw material supplying guarantee Improve standard of living, increase productivity in rural and economic in general In 2009, they provided microfinance in amount of CHF 48 millions For Customer: more qualified and healthier products for consumer Minimize impact of climate change and sometime is social issues For Society: higher quality for crop, more technical assistance, developping employment and environment, lower natural resources use, larger in yield help lower producing cost. Creating for themsef a stable, protected and qualified raw material to guarantee shareholder value-added Technical assistance and knowledge transfer Water and environmental Sustainability Produce tasting products that also have more and more lower environmental footprint by improving operational efficiacy They have already invested over CHF 220 millions in sustainable programs during 2009 For Nestle: reduce risk concerning health care standard, reduce cost, creat long term availability of resources, profitable growth Reduce use of water, some non-renewable energy and resources with target to reduce CO2 emissing performance and other evironmental affects Launch more projects to reduce greenhouse affect, eliminate waste in operation For Society: better standard of living Promote with supplier to help them a sustainable practices in supply chain Human Resources Dovelopment Long term investment in training Offer more comprehensive training, more opportunities for career For Nestle: skilled workforce, improve performance Continuous improving environmental and occupational health and safety management For Society: more employment, better standard of living, higher worhplace safety standard. Global and diversify Corperation developing Improve health and safety performance Increase Nestles engagement, employee health and wellbeing, reduce accident in workplace Creating an ethical and responsible workplace Climate Change Solution Reinforce Nestles role and plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Directly controlling operation For Society: lower environment impact Improve through supply chain Helping Nestles consumer Crisis Management Food and beverage market is changing everyday, customers need put producers into circumstance that whether they adapt to new trend or left behind on the race with other competitors. Nestle is an outstanding example in transforming their traditional managing operation into Health, Nutrion and Wellness management with Roadmap to Good Food, Good Life a unique flexible strategy that brings them to number 2 largest company all over the world. In Management and Strategic segment, I am pleased to express: Strategy Nestle Roadmaps success and Nestles solution for Melamine incident in China. In the Crisis management, Melamine scandal in China is outstanding example. On March 15th,2008, Chinese authorities informed that their over 20 Chinese milk companies was launching products contained Melamine this toxic has caused at least 4 babiesdeath and other 1253 Chinese children have fallen ill. Suppliers have been believed to add Melamine to milk to make it higher in protein. There was some ranges of Hong Kong Nestles products using Chinese milk powder. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7623037.stm After that, some press report in Hong Kong claimed a Nestle growing milk containing Melamine. Immediately, Hong Kong government requested Nestle to withdraw all their products that have been found to contain Melamine. The problem could have pushed them into a long-lasting downturn and other consequence concerning reputation. However, commented on this scandal, Peter Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman said: Sales in China are rather being favouredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Its rather positive than negative ( Reporting by Devidutta Tripathy; editing by Sue Thomas ) Ref Reuters Sep 26th, 2008 http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/09/26/nestle-idUSDEL31014820080926 How did they react? Yes, it is fantastic that Nestle today, after 3 years from this scandal, did not failed and become the leader in food and beverage area, the number 2 largest corperation all over the world. The first step in chain of resolving incident was complying with authorities request in showing all ingredients and formular used to produce milk, they were also withdrawing some kinds of products in Hong Kong as authorities requests as in line with Nestles Corperate Business Principle. In the mean time, they sent their samples of milk to honour testing center like Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., Food Industry Research and Development in Taiwan, etc. This action was conducted at places where their products have presented. The third step, they announced governments reports and confirmation that their products have been 100 percent safe and exact with things printed on their products label. The final step in this chain, they have combine Research and Development department and Maeketing department in communication with consumer on their producing standards, products quality that 100 percent safe and good for health as confirm from authorities. With this action, they have been not only winning back customers belief on their products, but also underlining that Nestle is the No.1 food and beverage producer all over the world with best quality and healthy products, as their slogan Good Food, Good Life . This is really a key turning-point to help Nestle successful as today. Strategy Nestle Roadmap. Source: http://www.nestle.com/Common/NestleDocuments/Documents/About_Us/Nestle_Roadmap.pdf Nestles strategy is being considerred the leader in Nutrion, Health and Wellness, and reference for financial performance. That is combination between their opportunities competitive advantages, internal strength operational pillars, focused segment growth drivers. This is a simple but right-targetting product from Peter Brabeck Letmathe Nestle Groups Chairman. Three major elements in their strategy including: Internal strength Operational pillars: Innovation and renovation ( from active and creative workforce ) Wherever, whenever, however ( supplying capability ) Consumer communication ( one of RD activity ) Operational efficiency These areas will help accelerate Nestles operation in all key areas with excellent achievement in execution. Focused segment Growth drive: Nutrion, Health and Wellness Value-add ( a massive market for healthy product ) Emerging markets and popularly positioned products the lower end. ( in 2011, growth scenaro in emerging market is around 170 billions US dollars ) Out-of-home consumption Differentation Premiumsation the high end This areas provide exciting prospect for growing. Opportunities Competitive advantages: Unmatched product and brand portfolio Unmatched research and development capability Unmatched geographic presence People culture, values and attitude This competitive advantages come from the value chain over decades, the link between great products efficient RD, great people strong value, broad geographic entrepreneurial spirit. This combination day by day is creating Nestles motivation on the road to leader in Food, Health and Wellness. In general, Roadmap is created from the combination between competitive advantages and their own strength and a right targeting market. Roadmap is almost following three major steps in building strategy for corporate. Analysis: determining the current position ,situation, performance and aspirations of the organisation and its members. Herein, that is competitive advantages. It help them regconize potential opportunities, their right strength that would make drive growth for Nestle in the future. Choice: determining possible courses of action, their possible consequences, problems and difficulties, benefits and advantages. Decision making is the most important step in every company, a wrong choice means a foresee failure. On roadmap, that is drivegrowth, corperate has been right when they choose emerging markets and popularly positioned products to be their motivation in growing in the next strategic years. Implementation: committing the organisation to pursue one of the possible future courses of action. Herein, operation pillars is a group of process to implement a lack or a small failure in the overall strategy. Vision, Mission, Goal. Nestles Vision: By bringing together all of its global RD resources, Nestle is able to provide high quality, safe food solutions for consumers worldwide whether this is in terms of nutrion, health, wellness, taste, texture or convenience. Above all, Nestle brings to consumers products that are of the highest quality. And safety is non-negotiable. Werner Bauer, Chief Technology Officer, Nestle S.A. Innovation, Technology and Research Development Nestles Mission: Their mission is creating value for shareholder and society. CREAT SHARED VALUE Reduce Poverty + Improve Health + Empower People SUSTAINABILITY Protect the future COMPLIANCE Laws, Business Principles, Codes of conduct Nestles Goals: Being recognized the leader in Nutrion, Health Wellness, and the industry reference for financial performance. But how they have been motivating their employees over decades to be the leader. Performance Compliance All Nestles employees have a good knowledge that here or there, we must have responsibility for down performance in the organization. Company have a good reward and recognization tied to performance. Culture Building Sustaining a high performance environment. Maintaining and evolving Nestles culture based on their own principle. Source: Creating successful future Jan 2008 Comment.

Actus Reus Essay -- International Law

Actus Reus Introduction The Criminal Law of England and Wales which deals with the components and consequences of criminal acts. The English criminal law is in large part not regulated by law, but in the tradition of common law judge-made law. The offense consists in the English law of Actus Reus and Mens Rea together. Actus Reus is the Latin term meaning the act of guilt (the outer or objective of a criminal offense) which is an essential element in the determination of a crime. Thus, when no reasonable doubt exists as a result of the demonstration of proof, the act of guilt, shown together with the intention of the individual to commit a crime (mens rea), creates criminal liability of the accused in criminal jurisdictions that follow the system of common law (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK, Ireland). Discussion and Analysis Actus Reus literally means conduct of a person. The phrase is used to refer to the element of an offense that involves prohibited conduct. The Actus Reus is one of two elements that make up criminal offenses. The second element is called mens rea or mental state. No crime may legally exist without an Actus Reus, while some regulatory crimes, called strict liability offenses, may exist without a mens rea. Examples of the Actus Reus element of a capital offense would be causing death, causing death while committing another crime, causing the death of a police officer, and causing death by using a bomb. In each of the examples, the mental state of the defendant is not relevant to Actus Reus. The mental state is relevant for the second element, i.e., the Mens Rea. General Perception The Actus Reus requirement is met if a defendant purposely, knowingly, or recklessly does something that is ... ...air, Medico legal Aspects of Automatism, qtd in McClain v. State, 678 N.E.2d 104, 106 (Ind. 1997), pp 56-78 David Ormerod (eds.): Smith and Hogan Criminal Law,12th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0199202584, pp 34 David Ormerod, (2009), Smith and Hogan Criminal Law: Cases and Materials, 10th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, ISBN 978-0199218691, pp 45-78 Felson, Marcus (1994), Crime and Everyday Life, Pine Forge, ISBN 0-8039-9029-4, Hirschi, Travis (1969). Causes of Delinquency, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0-7658-0900-1 Morse, S. J. Diminished rationality, diminished responsibility, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law vol. 1 (2003), pp. 289–308 Siegel, Larry J. (2003). Criminology, 8th edition, Thomson-Wadsworth., pp. 139 Symposium, Act and crime, University of Pennsylvania Law Review vol. 142, (1994), pp. 1443–1890

The Japanes Tsunami Disaster

On March 11th 2011 at 2:48pm a magnitude 9 earthquake occurred lasting a record time of 5 minutes until 2:53pm. This awful event occurred in the country of Japan in Asia, east of china, south of Russia and lies on the Pacific Ocean. Then 20 minutes later a tsunami hit Ofunato and then followed by Sedai and Niyko. There were lots more area affected by the tsunami. Causes The tsunami that hit Japan was a series of water that became many waves that built up by travelling along the Pacific Ocean, gradually gathering up speed. By the time it hit Ofunato it was as fast as a jet engine and going 800 kph. This tsunami happened because of the pacific tectonic plate subducted the Asian tectonic plate and caused an upwards wave to start and increase in length and it caused a massive tsunami to hit Japan. Japan had a massive tsunami hit them because of the magnitude 9 earthquake (a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves) that hit them first, which caused the pacific tectonic plate subducted the Asian tectonic plate and created a flood of water to go in to the fault line and cause it to build up pressure and heat up. Then the water sprung up in to a travelling along the Pacific Ocean causing a tsunami, this caused over 15,000 deaths, 6,000 injured and 4,000 missing. Another cause of the tragic tsunami was that it gained an extra metre in height because the coast line dropped a metre; this was one of the effects of the earthquake. Social effects The effects on people were that there houses had fallen down and many were homeless. The disaster caused falling birth rates, some mothers and children were forced to move to other towns and cities, even 200-300 miles away from their broken homes. Buildings were shaking, lights flickering; they crumbled down in front of the people inside them. Bridges were in pieces, shaken and broken by the earthquake and tsunami. The people in Japan were in a horror film. Their families were broken, torn apart by 7 metre high waves. At least 170,000 households were running without any water said by the health ministry. Up to 47,000 building were destroyed, washed away or burnt down, the national police agency of Japan said. A total of 164,059 households in the north were without electricity, tohoku electric power co said. You can read also Waves Economic effects The tsunami caused a large negative impact on the economy of Japan but lesser effect on world trade and financial markets. Japan has lost considerable physical damage estimated to be from $195 billion to as much as $305 billion. The negative effects of the earthquake and tsunami caused a potential nuclear disaster. Only 150 miles from Tokyo, radiation leaked from a nuclear plant crippled by an explosion. Although it wasn’t at the same scale of Chernobyl, but 170,000 people were evacuated. Another economic effect is that hundreds of factories were shut across Japan and the country was pushed in to recession. Nissan and Toyota had to halt production at all 20 factories. Toyota, the world’s largest carmaker, evacuated workers from two plants in the worst affected regions. The plants make up to 420,000 small cars each year, mostly for export. Environmental effects The effects the tsunami had on japans environment was that were lots of debris everywhere because the tsunami had picked up everything in its way when it hit Japan and when it had stopped all the debris was left on the ground leaving lots of mess. All the debris that was on the floor meant it was harder to find missing people. The tsunami also carried lots of dead fish and animals habitats would have been damaged because of the water. The fish were all dead in the tsunami due to the fact that the Pacific Ocean contaminated because of the radiation of the nuclear plant explosion. This also meant that any birds wouldn’t have been able to feed or they would have died eating contaminated fish. The smell also would have been unbearable to cope with because of the amount of dead fish and bodies and debris carried by the tsunami. Liquefaction during the earthquake as well, this would have left big cracks in the concert and some water may of septet up through the cracks. Short term responses After the tsunami occurred everyone immediately tried to help the injured get to a safe placed so they could be helped. Fire engines and ambulances were there to help and to rescue people from the debris. There were lots of people injured and dead so that when the people were being searched for by people of Japan to save time if a person was dead under the debris they would have put down a flag so they could go on and search for people that were alive and could be saved. Then later they would have gone back to the body and they would have moved it. Everyone hurt by the tsunami/earthquake got medical care by the other helping countries wanting to help. China was one of the 91 countries that helped Japan as soon as possible by providing $4.5 million worth of humanitarian aid. Their first shipment was from Shanghai to Tokyo. It contained 2,000 blankets, 900 tents and 200 emergency lights to help Japan get through the tragic amount of injured people. Seventeen Latin American countries, including Honduras, Ecuador and Brazil, and four African states – Djibouti, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia had also offered assistance. The mayor of Kandahar city in Afghanistan pledged $50,000 to support relief efforts. The World Bank, Unicef, Unesco and the Office for t he Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs were among the international organisations pledging support. Other responses were that they were lots of tents and shelters put up for people to stay safe because their houses would have been crushed by the tsunami or fall because of the magnitude 9 earthquake. In the shelters, the people got free food and water to keep them alive. Almost everywhere there was no gas or electricity because of the impact of the tsunami. All they could us were emergency lights and torches to see. Products in Japan went up because lots of stock was ruined or damaged and it was a struggle to get stock from other countries or cities because the expressway fell down and transport-roads were blocked. Some charities also help the tsunami victims such as architecture for humanity helped by fundraising and giving all the money they made to Japan to help the people that were made homeless or that were unemployed because their workplace might have been hit. Save the Children meet the needs of children and their families affected by the tsunami, whilst Christian Aid’s partners in the Philippines helped to evacuate the most vulnerable coastal communities. People living in these communities had been warned to prepare for a tsunami wave at least one metre high along the east coast. Partners of the British Red Cross in Japan, America and the Philippines worked alongside the emergency services to support victims and evacuate high risk areas. Long term responses General recovery efforts progressed, super markets gradually reopened, gas stations in northern Japan resumed business, and roads were accessible. The Japanese government significantly supported the country’s relief efforts and provided much of the needed temporary housing. Everything that was rebuilt in Japan however it cost them 25tn yen which actuates to  £189bn. Schools were rebuilt and teachers were provided so the children could get an education. Conclusion In my opinion, I think that the Japan tsunami was a disaster because of the impact that it caused to the people (such as the deaths), the environment (dead animals, liquefaction, amount of debris needed to be cleaned up) and the amount of money that it cost them. The amount of deaths that the tsunami caused was devastating, the amount of missing people and pain that the tsunami caused families. It was an awful event that caused pain to everyone and cost lots of money. I think to stopped this happening to Japan again they should build a bigger wall on the coast to protect them or even buy tsunami capsules from all households even though they are expensive it would help and save the life’s of many if it occurred again.