Analysis Of Atlassian Strategic Management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Atlassian Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Atlassian is an Australian software company, incorporated in 2002. The company was founded by Scott Farquhar and Mike Cannon-Brookes while they were students at University of New South Wales, situated in Sydney. The enterprise financed on a ten thousand dollar credit card debt. The founders of the organisation believed that creating great software, pricing it correctly and putting it on the internet to download, will automatically attract customers. The firm has no sales force in their beginning, the founders work on this belief that if their customers liked their products then they will tell their friends and family about it. Atlassian operated in the software industry, and they create products for software development, project supervision, and content administration. The products of the organisation include JIRA, Hipchat, Trello, and Confluence. The companys team collaboration software helps corporations in arranging, discussing and finishing shared work. The form has more than five million active users in a month. The corporation has more than 37000 clients including large companies, such as Coca-Cola, NASA, Facebook, eBay, and Netflix. The enterprise was a quick success after earning one million dollars in its first year of business. The firms revenue has grown up to AU$149 million in 2006 financial year. The founders were named entrepreneurs of the year by Ernst Young company. This report will discuss and analyse the strategies of the organisation. Industry Atlassian operated in the software industry, consist of creating, maintaining and publishing of software services and products used by various organisations. According to the research of Gartner (2016), the worldwide expenditure in information technology (including software, hardware, telecommunication, and services) will reach US$3.5 trillion in 2017. The industry of information technology changes rapidly, with customers demanding greater quality, lower costs, improved facilities and more innovations. The constant change and high demand have created several problems for software services and corporate models. The organisations cannot depend on simple strategies, and finding new methods for revenue are necessary for their success. The corporations are facing difficulty in maintaining their financial performance and facing constant competition from well-funded start-ups (Ojala 2007). The giant players, such as IBM, Hewlett-Packard, eBay, and Symantec, are finding new corporate models to be more elastic in operations and supplying better products and services according to the customers demands. The companies are required to widen their revenue streams in order for their long-term survival in the software industry. The enterprises are in a significantly delicate position where a few financial mistakes could disappoint their shareholders and reduce their market capitalisation. Traditional business models are focused on cost-cutting in the organisation but tech firms require beating their competition in modern technologies, such as cloud computing, cyber safety, and information analytics (Pino 2008). Five Forces Analysis Understanding of the five factors assists a firm to recognise the framework of its industry and find the place that is highly beneficial and less endangered to undertake. The firm should not concentrate on removing its competition because that could attract new competition and criticism from consumers (Carlson 2017). Following are the five forces that should be analysed by a corporation: Negotiating Control of Buyers The bargaining power of customers is linked to the level of ease or struggle with which customer can change the companies. Traditionally the bargaining power of the customers in software industry was low, due to the high cost of switching. But in modern times, new models of monthly subscriptions have lowered the switching cost for buyers. Therefore, the negotiation power of buyers in the Australian software industry is medium. Negotiating Control of Sellers The bargaining power of suppliers in the software industry is high. The competition between tech companies is high due to increase in demand for highly skilled employees. Therefore, the suppliers or employees have a high power of bargaining their prices or salary and incentives packages. Industry Substitute Threat The threat for alternatives in the software industry is medium. The software industry has grown and there is numerous organisations software solutions present in the industry. The basic tools of Microsoft such as Word and Excel are available in the market, particularly for the medium and small organisations. New Competitions The threat of new competition in the software industry is medium. In the industry, it is easy to enter with a low initial capital for start-ups, but it is hard for companies to create a profitable product. Conflict between Competitors In the software industry, the competition between companies is significantly high. As the industry grows, the market has been filled with new enterprises, therefore increasing the competition. Figure 1: Five Forces (Source: Dudovskiy, 2012) Macro Environmental Factors Atlassian can study the market before creating future strategys to enhance their profits. The evaluation of external factors is necessary to ascertain the requirement and desires of the customers (Bernroider 2002). Following items are included in the external environment of an organisation: Government Regulations: The policies and regulation created by the government have a direct impact on the business of tech companies. The government involvement is necessary to avoid danger to public interest such as cyber crimes or hacking. Technology: The technology market changes rapidly and in order to stay ahead of their competition, the companies are required to adopt new technologies such as cloud computing, cyber safety, and information analytics. Customers: Atlassian serves more than 37000 customers, including 291 of fortune 500 companies. The company fulfils software need of teams by their products such as JIRA. Globalisation: There are several new foreign organisations in Australian software markets which increase the competition between software companies. The globalisation increases the necessity of quick adoption of the latest technologies in the software companies. Economic Factors: The factors, such as slow growth in the economy of Australia, enhancing unemployment rate, affect the growth of the software companies as well. Analysis of Competition The key factors of success of software companies are: the ability of product, elasticity, the cost of products, simplicity in usage and access, the performance of products, the satisfaction of customers and worldwide reach of the company. Atlassian competition has been divided into three categories, based on customers and products: Information technology and facility teams, software and mechanical group, and corporate group. The competition of Atlassian includes Salesforce, Workday, Box, HubSpot, ServiceNow and various other small software traders such as Slack and GitHub. Many of these companies include small start-ups businesses, but the majority is an organisation in acquisition business, engaging in the takeover of different firms to provide customers a one-stop shop solution (Mahroum 2016). The tiny companies can have a high impact on the industry, if acquired by tech giants, to make a competitive contribution. Atlassian product JIRA has been a success in the market and companys recent acquisition Trello, free online teamwork software directed at the corporate teams is allowing the company to increase their position in the software industry. With the growth of the industry, low-cost competition will begin, but the teamwork software industry is expected to increase in profits. Business Strategy Atlassian has a significantly different business approach, compare to its competitor companies. The collaborative tool company has been profitable for last 12 year and attracting a significant amount of revenue. The firms generated AU$ 200 million in profits and their sale raises more than 40 percent annually in past five years. The organisation has a net worth of $3.3 billion and more than 37000 clients use the products of the enterprise. Atlassian did not have a sales team and spends just 15 to 20 percent of their profits on sales and marketing. Instead of hiring a sales team, the company focuses on making their products low-cost and easy to install from the web (Zalan 2009). Following are the values of the company: Transparency in the company Create everything with heart and passion Customers are the essence and company should think from customers perspective Team work is most important Become the change you want in the world Figure 2: Atlassian Values (Source: Atlassian, 2017) Corporate strategy Atlassian applies a separate corporate approach than other tech companies. The company had never taken any funding from venture capitalists, while other organisations strive to acquire funding for their enterprises. The company has started with ten thousand Australian dollar credit card debt from its founders. The organisation does have acquired funding from Accel and T.Rowe Price of $60 million and $150 million respectively, but not for the operations of the company. The money was taken to deliver liquidity to the employees of the organisation. This decision of founders affected the growth of the business since the company focuses more on increasing their customers instead of making money (Lew 2012). The organisation imposes a permanent authorisation fee with continuing maintenance of 50 percent each year. The faster-growing client should see their bills rising from ten thousand dollars in the first year to fifty thousand dollars in the second year. Several of the clients have seen this type of growth with the company. The enterprise has invested $67.9 million in sales and advertising at the start of 2015. This amount is equal to 21 percent of total income of the firm that is $319.5 million. Without any debt, the company could focus on their organisational objectives and provide better work environment to their employees (Solomon 2015). Figure 3: Atlassian Model (Source: TechRepublic, 2017) Strategic Leadership Evident The founders of the company Scott Farquhar and Mike Cannon-Brookes believe in creating great products and providing it easily to their audience. The company did not have any sales team. The organisation invests less than 21 percent of their revenue in sales and marketing. The values of the company consist of providing a great product, thinking from customers perspective and providing better work environment to their employees. The enterprise has been started with a ten thousand Australian dollar credit card debt, by the founders of the company, since then the firm has not taken any money from venture capitalists (Swan 2010). Atlassians strategies are different from other companies in the same industry. But despite all the differences, the company has found enormous success and growth. The organisation has been profitable for previous 12 years and the company has earned revenue of AU$619.9 million in the half year of 2017. Atlassian has topped BRWs Best Places to Work list, for straight two years in a row (in 2014 2015). The company provides various benefits to their employees such as paid parental leaves, free snacks, fitness training and free transportations. Atlassian has entered the United States market and reached a valuation of AU$8 billion. The founders of the firms are ranked in 20 wealthiest Australians. The company has grown slowly by steadily, and with the help of unique strategies of its founders (Millar 2017). SWOT Analysis Strengths Unique culture in the company, providing high values to customers and employees. No debts from venture capitalists. Skilled workforce Financial support provided Significantly high growth rate Existing distribution and trades systems Weakness The rapid growth of company causing the constant growth of employees. More than two third (majority) of their revenue is from JIRM and Confluence. The organisation has customer self-service model. Several customers prefer traditional sales methods. Lack of business experience of its founders. Opportunities The company can invest more i9n research and development since their sales and marketing costs are low. The organisation can expand their business in other countries markets. The enterprise has higher revenue compared to their competitors because of their unique structure. Threats Change in government regulations Increase in Labor costs Change in price of software products Technology problems Current Position of the Company Atlassian has more than five million active users in a month. The corporation has more than 37000 clients including large companies, such as Salesforce, Workday, Box, HubSpot, ServiceNow and various other small software traders such as Slack and GitHub. The company has earned revenue of AU$619.9 million in the half year of 2017. The firms generated AU$ 200 million in profits and their sale raises more than 40 percent annually in past five years. The organisation has a net worth of $3.3 billion. More than two third of their revenue is from JIRA and Confluence (Fisher 2013). The organisation provides high value to their customers and employees. The company had managed to increase their clients more than 37000 without investing in a sales force. The company faces new challenges from the competition of low-cost software companies and technological changes in the industry. The organisation is expanding their business outside Australian markets as well (Davila 2015). Figure 4: Position of Atlassian (Source: Ronen, 2015) Conclusion The above study concluded that Atlassian has adopted unique strategies in their organisation by providing more value to customers and employees. The organisation has found huge success in previous 12 years, and they are growing rapidly. The company is under no pressure of some outside board to achieve certain growth targets. The organisation can think long term because it has no commitment to venture capitalists. The major challenge of Atlassian is to innovate at a larger scale. The best path for Atlassian is to expand their market share in countries such as Sweden, Ireland, India and China. This expansion could increase the revenue of the company and it will bring them closer to achieving their goals. References Atlassian., 2017.Company values | Atlassian. Retrieved from https://www.atlassian.com/company/values Bernroider, E., 2002. Factors in SWOT Analysis Applied to Micro, Small-to-Medium, and Large Software Enterprises:: an Austrian Study.European management journal,20(5), pp.562-573. Carlson, R.M., 2017. Atlassian: Analysis and strategic recommendation. Davila, A., Foster, G., He, X. and Shimizu, C., 2015. The rise and fall of startups: Creation and destruction of revenue and jobs by young companies.Australian Journal of Management,40(1), pp.6-35. Dudovskiy, J., 2012.Oracle Porters Five Forces Analysis - Research Methodology. Research Methodology. Retrieved from https://research-methodology.net/oracle-porters-five-forces-analysis/ Fisher, J., Koning, D. and Ludwigsen, A.P., 2013.Utilizing Atlassian JIRA for Large-Scale Software Development Management(No. LLNL-CONF-644176). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA. Gartner., 2017.Gartner Says Global IT Spending to Reach $3.5 Trillion in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3482917 Lew, P., Olsina, L., Becker, P. and Zhang, L., 2012. An integrated strategy to systematically understand and manage quality in use for web applications.Requirements Engineering,17(4), pp.299-330. Mahroum, S., 2016. Atlassian in Sydney: Beating the Tyranny of Distance. InBlack Swan Start-ups(pp. 215-231). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Millar, G., 2017. Measuring the Success of Incident Management at Atlassian. Ojala, A. and Tyrvinen, P., 2007. Market entry and priority of small and medium-sized enterprises in the software industry: An empirical analysis of cultural distance, geographic distance, and market size.Journal of International Marketing,15(3), pp.123-149. Pino, F.J., Garca, F. and Piattini, M., 2008. Software process improvement in small and medium software enterprises: a systematic review.Software Quality Journal,16(2), pp.237-261. Ronen, L., 2015.Strong Profitability Makes Recent Atlassian IPO Attractive. Amigobulls : Technology Stock Analysis. Retreived from https://amigobulls.com/articles/atlassian-ipo-growth-and-profit-go-hand-in-hand Solomon, M.R., Poatsy, M.A., Martin, K., Short, J., Wellman, S. and Shields, K., 2015.Better business. Prentice Hall. Swan, G., 2010. Freedom Fighters.CIO, (Sep/Oct 2010), p.72. TechRepublic., 2017.Atlassian's upside-down business strategy: Could it work for you?. Retrieved from https://www.techrepublic.com/article/atlassians-upside-down-business-strategy-could-it-work-for-you/ Zalan, T., Muzychenko, O. and Burshtein, S., 2009. Atlassian: Supporting the world with legendary service.

LES MISERABLES Essays (485 words) - English-language Films

LES MISERABLES Behind the plot of the story there was a great meaning of what life is all about and human nature. I is not only the main character searching for justice but about the world living one terrible lie. The book touches fragile aspects of crime, love, poverty, and the meaning of life and death. Sometimes life is unfair and you cannot change the way it is, but make the best of it. Things I have Learned What is justice? Anyone, would say it is what the law says and how people abide by it. A man caught stealing money from the poor should in fact go to jail. A man who has killed should also be executed. But what about morals? A man who steals bread to feed his starving family goes to jail. A man kills an man who attacks and threatens the lives of his family goes to jail. This changes the scenario, but who is really the convict? This idea put me to think. Is it okay to overlook the good thief and punish the bad thief? No, its not just to either one of them. The just to do would be to punish them both, but then the innocent suffer. This book has well over a thousand themes. Each one uniquely different towards the reader, but there is a principal message behind the book, the Miserable's name is mankind. No matter in what society, region, or country, they are all still affected by the same kind of miseries. --This text refers to the hardcover edition of this title ----- Tender story of an ex-convict who re-discovers life. I began to read "Les Mis" as a challenge to myself. As I read the last pages this evening it was all that I could do to keep from bawling. Although I've never seen the musical or the various films, I can't believe that any adaptation can do justice to Hugo's beautiful knowledge of language. Although there is some rough going at the descriptions of historical, societal and political France Hugo constantly returns to his masterful description: "Only a thin partition separated him from that small cluster of lost souls groping in the darkness and sundered from the living world; he had heard them living, or rather suffering, with a few yards of him.... They are les miserables -- the outcasts, the underdogs. And who is to blame? Is it not the most fallen who have most need of charity?" It is thus that Hugo captures the most icy hearts. The reader can't help but be enthralled by the trials and tribulations of Jean Valjean, the ex-convict with a will ! to live outside the mire. With some help, he learns that there is so much to live for, and so much to lose. With a bittersweet ending that does a Mexican-hat-dance on the emotions, "Les Mis" is a true classic.

Should Argumentative Essay Topics Be Chosen Well?

Should Argumentative Essay Topics Be Chosen Well?In high school or college, argumentative essay topics are given quite a bit of attention. They are usually the most important parts of a composition, and will often be used as subjects of conversation between students and faculty members. Argumentative essays are the most influential types of essay subjects, which means that it is easy to see why they are so often written about in high school. But why should argumentative essay topics to be important?One of the most important reasons for writing argumentative essays is to show your thoughts on a certain topic. This can be very useful in showing the depth of an argument, as well as the areas of disagreement. It also shows how an essay can connect and change people's views on a particular topic. And lastly, it can actually be a great way to get some extra writing credit for high school, college, or professional use.Another reason that argumentative essay topics are important is because t hey have a long lasting effect on the person who reads them. As they are well written and interesting, it often draws a large audience. The right argumentative essay topics can do just as much good for you, or even more, as any of the major academic journals.Argumentative essay topics are also quite versatile. You can write about anything that you want. Maybe your favorite band ever had an album that was completely unrelated to your topic, but it was written using an argumentative essay format, and many people appreciate this because it lets you express yourself in a more authentic way.So what should you write argumentative essay topics about? Simply put, it can be about anything, including books you read, movies you watch, or even television shows you enjoy. It doesn't even have to be about a single subject.It is easy to forget that argumentative essay topics should be different each time you write them. You need to come up with an interesting title for each one, and then write you r argument at least once per essay topic. And remember to follow up your arguments with compelling and informative paragraphs! This is the only way to make sure that your points are getting across in a meaningful way.When thinking about argumentative essay topics, there are several things to keep in mind. First, always make sure that you are staying focused on your topic. Your points should not be overshadowed by other things you are reading or watching. It is also a good idea to stay in your own lane while writing the essay, so that your readers won't feel as if they are being forced to go along with what you are saying.By following these guidelines, you will easily come up with argumentative essay topics that will do just as much good for you. Whether you are writing a paper to get a higher grade, or simply to impress someone you know, writing essay topics is an excellent way to express yourself in a more honest and meaningful way. It can be a way to show off your creative side as well. Remember to always keep theses in mind when you are writing your argumentative essay topics.

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing

Definition and Examples of Theme-Writing Theme-writing refers to the conventional writing assignments (including five-paragraph essays) required in many composition classes since the late-19th century. Also called school writing. In his book The Plural I: The Teaching of Writing (1978), William E. Coles, Jr., used the term themewriting  (one word) to characterize empty, formulaic writing that is not meant to be read but corrected. Textbook authors, he said, present writing as a trick that can be played, a device that can be put into operation . . . just as one can be taught or learn to run an adding machine, or pour concrete. Examples and Observations: The use of themes has been maligned and vilified in the history of writing instruction. They have come to represent what was bad about the Harvard model, including an obsession with correcting the themes in red ink, but the womens colleges typically used themes to get students writing regular essays based on common topics. . . . Theme writing, as David Russell notes in Writing in the Academic Disciplines, 1870-1990, continued to be a model for required composition courses at small liberal arts colleges much longer than it did in the larger universities, in large part because the universities could no longer keep up with the labor-intensive practice of having students write multiple essays over the course of a semester or year.(Lisa Mastrangelo and Barbara LEplattenier, Is It the Pleasure of This Conference to Have Another?: Womens Colleges Meeting and Talking About Writing in the Progressive Era. Historical Studies of Writing Program Administration, ed. by B. LEplattenier and L. Mast rangelo. Parlor Press, 2004) Camille Paglia on Essay Writing as a Form of Repression[T]he present concentration on essay writing at the heart of the humanities curriculum is actually discriminatory against people of other cultures and classes. I think its a game. Its very, very obvious to me, having been teaching for so many years as a part-timer, teaching factory workers and teaching auto mechanics and so on, the folly of this approach. You teach them how to write an essay. Its a game. Its a structure. Speak of social constructionism! Its a form of repression. I do not regard the essay as its presently constituted as in any way something that came down from Mount Sinai brought by Moses.(Camille Paglia, The M.I.T. Lecture.  Sex, Art, and American Culture. Vintage, 1992)English A at HarvardHarvards standard, required composition course was English A, first given in sophomore year and then, after 1885, moved to the first year. . . . In 1900-01 writing assignments included a mix of daily themes, which were brief two- or three-paragraph sketches, and more extended fortnightly themes; topics were up to the student and thus varied widely, but the dailies usually asked for personal experience while the longer ones covered a mix of general knowledge.(John C. Brereton, Introduction. The Origins of Composition Studies in the American College, 1875-1925. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1995) Theme Writing at Harvard (Late 19th Century)When I was an undergraduate at Harvard our instructors in English composition endeavored to cultivate in us a something they termed The daily theme eye. . . .Daily themes in my day had to be short, not over a page of handwriting. They had to be deposited in a box at the professors door not later than ten-five in the morning. . . . And because of this brevity, and the necessity of writing one every day whether the mood was on you or not, it was not always easyto be quite modestto make these themes literature, which, we were told by our instructors, is the transmission through the written word, from writer to reader, of a mood, an emotion, a picture, an idea.(Walter Prichard Eaton, Daily Theme Eye. The Atlantic Monthly, March 1907)The Chief Benefit of Theme-Writing (1909)The chief benefit derived from theme-writing lies probably in the instructors indication of errors in the themes and his showing how these errors are to be corrected; for by these means the student may learn the rules that he is inclined to violate, and thus may be helped to eliminate the defects from his writing. Hence it is important that the errors and the way to correct them be shown to the student as completely and clearly as possible. For instance, suppose that a theme contains the sentence I have always chosen for my companions people whom I thought had high ideals. Suppose the instructor points out the grammatical fault and gives the student information to this effect: An expression such as he says, he thinks, or he hears interpolated in a relative clause does not affect the case of the subject of the clause. For example, The man who I thought was my friend deceived me is correct; who is the subject of was my friend; I thought is a parenthesis which does not affect the case of who. In your sentence, whom is not the object of thought, but the subject of had high ideals; it should therefore be in the nominative case. From this information the stud ent is likely to get more than the mere knowledge that the whom in this particular case should be changed to who; he is likely to learn a principle, the knowledge of whichif he will remember itwill keep him from committing similar errors in future.But the theme from which one sentence is quoted above contains fourteen other errors; and the forty-nine other themes which the instructor is to hand back to-morrow morning contain among them about seven hundred and eighty-five more. How shall the instructor, as he indicates these eight hundred errors, furnish the information called for by each one? Obviously he must use some kind of shorthand.(Edwin Campbell Woolley, The Mechanics of Writing. D.C. Heath, 1909)

A Transcultural

As the world’s multi-cultural population increases, the significance of transcultural nursing in healthcare is strongly evident. Health care professionals are challenged by the need to understand the various cultural factors that influence a person’s response to health and illness and must develop attitudes and skills that will help them behave in culturally appropriate ways (Walsh DeJoseph, 2003). Transcultural nursing works as a formal education that equips nurses and other healthcare providers the knowledge regarding beliefs, values, and practices of different cultures in the society with the goal to produce a culturally competent practitioner, therefore, achieving patient satisfaction and positive outcomes (Leininger, 1999). The foundations for transcultural nursing had started with the purpose of compensating the complexities of healthcare needs of people belonging to different culture (Glittenberg, 2004; Tortumluoglu, 2006). Hence, knowing the unique behavioural patterns and lifestyles of a specific culture enables the provider to perform culturally congruent, holistic and appropriate healthcare service (Streltzer, 2008). Campinha-Bacote’s framework of cultural competence (2002) provides a thorough and comprehensible process for healthcare professional to become culturally competent. It guides healthcare practitioners in achieving the ability to effectively work within the context of the service users from a diverse cultural- ethnic background through keying out five essential components namely, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, cultural encounter and cultural desire (Campinha-Bacote, 2011). Ryan, Carlton and Ali (2000) pointed out that the five constructs are functionally interdependent and must be covered. Entailing that one will be ineffective without the others, and similarly absence of one component gets unsatisfactory consequences. Imagine a six-stringed acoustic guitar, if one string is not in tune with the others, once you play it the resulting notes and chords are out of tune making a nuisance instead of music. When an individual is aware that people are different from one another in terms of personality, attitude and behaviour, partially because of their cultural beliefs or backgrounds, that person is culturally aware (Rew, Becker, Cookston, Khosropour Martinez, 2003). Moreover, The University of Michigan School of Nursing (2000) added that awareness and examination of one’s own beliefs is also an important component of this concept to avoid prejudices and biases when working with service users. However, ethnocentrism, which is defined in Oxford English Dictionary (2003) as  a  character which assumes that ones own group or belief is superior from the others, may weaken this construct. Awareness of this attitude would help health care provider in avoiding unjust service. Say, a Christian nurse was assigned to care for a dying atheist patient. She believes that death means going to heaven or hell, while her patient may believe that death simply means ceasing to exist. Despite of these differences of beliefs, her job to provide excellent care for the patient and ensuring that his needs are met were not faltered (pricklypear, personal communication, April 08, 2006). Though, somehow findings from studies conducted by Rew et al (2003) point that conscious awareness of cultural diversity does not guarantee cultural competence. Nurses and other health care providers need a solid knowledge about a variety of populations, culture- specific phenomena (e. . , social support), and human responses to diversity to better understand their client (Meleis, 1996). In acquiring this knowledge, healthcare practitioners must concentrate on three specific issues: health-related beliefs, practices and cultural values; disease incidence and prevalence (Lavizzo-Mourey, 1996). Getting cultural knowledge about the patient’s health-related be liefs and values involves understanding their worldview which justifies how he interprets his illness and how it guides his thinking, doing, and being (Campinha- Bacote, 2002). A concrete example is of an old Filipino faith healer who never consulted any clinician to diagnose the pain sensation he feels during urination. He believed that, it was spiritual opposition who inflicted the pain. Knowledge relating to the field of bio cultural ecology is also important when addressing disease incidence and prevalence among ethnic groups, This involves having accurate epidemiological data to guide decisions about treatment and treatment programs, health education, and screening in order to attain positive health care outcomes (Campinha-Bacote, 2002). Therefore, a promising cultural competent nurse must be updated of current research studies conducted, and likewise initiating some research work himself. In incurring cultural knowledge, one should always remember that every individual is a unique blend of the variety found within each culture, an incomparable collection of life experiences, and the product of acculturation to other cultures (Capinha-Bacote, 2002). Thus, it is very vital that every health care provider develops the skill to culturally assess every client that will come to their care. This requires sensitivity and more in-depth studying of cultures and sub-cultures (Meleis, 1996). The third component of Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competence (2002) is cultural skill. It is the capability to carry on a cultural assessment by gathering cultural data relevant to the patient’s presenting problem, at the same time conducting a culturally-based physical assessment accurately (Tortumluoglu, 2006 Campinha-Bacote, 2011). According to the author, this construct plays a substantial part in planning nursing care for an individual. Data gathered during assessment, especially in initial screening interview serves as the basis or guide in establishing a plan of care for the client. During this crucial process the health care provider should be aware how a client’s physical, biological, and physiological changes affect his/her ability to conduct an accurate and appropriate physical evaluation. Particularly, differences in body structure, skin colour, and visible physical characteristics, (Capinha-Bacote, 2002). For instance, a well known man from a wealthy family came to an Out-Patient service, the nurse who is doing the screening was aware of the patient’s elite background, might get intimidated and may cause inaccurate assessment. Next, is cultural encounter; the process which encourages the health care provider to immerse himself to various cultural interactions with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds (Tortumluoglu, 2006). Cultural encounter may be experienced on real situation and through simulation or role playing (Shearer Davidhizar, 2003; Walsh DeJoseph, 2003). Both, aid in modifying existing beliefs about a cultural group and prevent possible stereotyping. However, the author identified one obstacle that may encounter in this process specifically during assessment stage, which involves the language barrier between the care provider and the service user. This is especially possible if both came from different country of origin. The use of formally trained interpreter is strongly recommended if this situation occurs to avoid faulty data collection (Campinha-Bacote, 2002). Finally, the fifth component of this model is cultural desire. This is the most crucial construct, since without desire, cultural awareness, knowledge, skills and encounters will not be gladly experienced. Cultural desire is a genuine passion and a commitment to become culturally competent health care provider ( Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Therefore, it is safe to say that every health care provider must be driven by cultural desire for this is the heart and soul of cultural competence. In fact, the author strongly believes that this passion and unaltered commitment must be the fundamental construct of all the transcultural nursing models. Campinha-Bacotes model embraces the experiential-phenomenological perspective. It supports the client as teacher of his culture and the clinician as learner. Furthermore, it recognises that culture is dynamic and always changing and there is more variation within a culture than among different cultures (Brathwaite, 2003). Although Campinha-Bacote’s Cultural Competent model may  have a strong track record of effectiveness (Carol, 2007; Rew et al; Tortumluoglu, 2006),   yet it is encouraged to spend time in research and evaluate the various models of transcultural nursing to determine which one is best for a particular client, organization or situation. Cultural competence recognizes the broad scope of the dimensions that influence an Individual’s personal identity. Within the behavioural health system (which addresses mental illnesses), cultural competence must be a guiding principle, so that services are culturally sensitive and culturally appropriate prevention, outreach, assessment and intervention are provided (Stanhope, Solomon, Pernell-Arnold, Sands Bourjolly, 2005) . This will be indicated in the following case. A 37 years old Irish, male, single, and a traveller from Northern Ireland was admitted for schizophrenia with retrograde amnesia in the nursing home. The client was referred by a social worker and was assessed by one of the nurses on duty. The nurse noted that patient’s posture was quite slouch and has a good bearing. He wore clean and neat clothing appropriate for the weather. He was groomed plain and simple. His hair well combed. However, his nails were untrimmed both on hands and feet. The nurse noted the lesions and skin rashes on the client’s right foot and observed that he moved slowly during ambulation. Further, there were times that he looks straight in the eyes when questioned and when he answered, he glanced on the other people around him. The client was monosyllabic in communicating and was unable to recall long term memories. He also looked disturbed and preoccupied at all times. During his first week in the institution, the client was noted to be unsociable. He preferred to stay inside his room and would just go out during meal time to join the other clients in the dining area. On one occasion, the carer had attempted to engage in a conversation with him. She found out that the client can’t recall anything from his past including his childhood, his family or where he lived before. He can’t even recall the number of the family members and the person he was in contact with prior to his admission in the institution. Though he stated that his birthday falls on January 13, he can’t remember the exact year. Surprisingly, he was able to recall what he had for breakfast and lunch. It was also noticed that the patient has slight awareness of being sick and needing but denting it at the same time. He is aware that he is sick but he’s trying to blame it to others. Like when asked why he is in the institution on one interaction, he answered that his friends sent him there because of misconceptions. According to him he’s not guilty of any wrong doing and denied all the accusations on him. In addition, it was noted that the patient has some problems on impulse control. At times he showed hostile, aggressive and sexual tendencies towards the staff and to the other clients. In view of the above circumstance, The â€Å"Cultural Competence† model of Campinha-Bacote(2002), offers the nursing staff the framework for rendering culturally relevant care to the culturally and behaviourally diverse psychiatric client. Initially, upon the client’s admission, general data of the client such as general appearance, ethnicity, gender, age, hobbies or work, disability, orientation and memory impairment was gathered. The cultural challenge seen at this stage was first the different cultural background the client represents. Accurate knowledge concerning language, clothing and patient’s cultural, religious, or spiritual beliefs or practices that influence care must be obtained in order to perform culturally appropriate service (Streltzer, 2008). Tseng and Streltzer (2004) stressed that language is one tool through which culture expressed. Through language, a person communicates underlying conceptions, values, and attitudes that can be very different among different cultural systems. Comprehending another person’s culture through his language can be therefore quite challenging, particularly when that language is very different from one’s own but with genuine interest and remaining nonjudgmental, probability of gathering relevant information will be assured. Another challenge noted was the diagnosed condition of the patient. Lack of understanding about Schizophrenia may pose a great problem to the nursing staff in this case. This disorder is identified with complex characteristics according to type. Basically, people with schizophrenia have an altered perception of reality, often a significant loss  of contact with reality. They may see or hear things that don’t exist, speak in strange or confusing ways, believe that others are trying to harm them, or feel like they’re being constantly watched (Smith Segal, 2011). Obtaining cultural awareness pertained to this disorder must be consolidated among the management and staff. Like what Campinha-Bacote, (2002b) emphasized that cultural skill involves the ability to collect relevant cultural information about the patient’s history and presenting problems. Legally accessing patient’s records of past health, social, and environmental history is positively beneficial. Finally, the greatest challenge identified in this case is the client’s unusual behaviour and psychomotor activity. People with schizophrenia tend to have unpredictable or inappropriate emotional responses. They may exhibit behaviours that appear bizarre and purposeless. Sometimes they lack of inhibition and impulse control which may pose danger to themselves, and to people around them. Moreover, apparent social withdrawal which usually manifests through inexpressive face, including a flat voice, lack of eye contact, and blank or restricted facial expressions is common (Campinha-Bacote, 2002b). Cultural encounters may be difficult and uncomfortable at times, especially encounters with abnormal behaviours due to fear and diffidence. Good intentions and the nonverbal communication style of a psychiatric nurse can sometimes be interpreted as offensive and insulting to a specific cultural group. The psychiatric nurse must become more sensitive to the meaning of a culture’s nonverbal communication, such as eye contact, facial expressions, and use of touch, body language, and distancing practices when engaging in cross-cultural encounters (Current Nursing, 2011 Peterson, 2004). She must identify feelings that lead to patient’s poor social interaction. If client is unable to respond verbally or in a coherent manner, spending frequent short periods with client might be good start. Structuring times each day for brief interactions and activities with client on one-on-one basis is likewise helpful. These activities should work at the client’s pace and ability. Examples are looking through family pictures, watching TV, drawing or painting and other recreational activities that would enhance client’s attention and engagement (Tseng and Streltzer, 2004). To sum it up, this culturally-related aspects of care in the client and there accompanying challenges won’t be addressed and overcome respectively, if cultural competency is not learned and demonstrated. A cultural desire must be developed and surged in each health care provider to effectively furnish the unmet, culturally-related needs of the client. Cultural desire is the motivation of the psychiatric nurse to â€Å"want to† engage in this uncomfortable situation. Carrying out all the planned care with the passion and humility to accept and respect differences, and be willing to learn from different world (Campinha-Bacote, 2002). With the increase in diversity in an ever-changing society and the escalating need for nurses to be educated and skilled in transcultural nursing, every opportunity that would contribute to development of cultural competence should be seized. In conclusion, transcultural nursing was designed to equip and empower every carer, nurse, and any health care provider to embrace the challenges and hindrances that diverse cultures bear. Campinha-Bacote’s cultural competence model is one of the few effective tools suggested to utilize in whatever situation a service provider is in, may it be in clinical or mental health setting.

This about engineering class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This about engineering class - Essay Example They also greatly support the tourism and hospitality industry of the country. These striking buildings incorporate a range of styles from neo-classical to high-tech modern and materials from sandstone to steel, concrete and glass and grapes the attention of the public. Each building has one or more features or functions that are very unique and hence, lead the structure to be known globally. One of the best examples of World Fair with large structure is Eiffel Tower which was initially built for the World’s Fair of 1889. The size of the structure makes a building special in the sense of its volume and uniqueness like the pyramids of Egypt, Sydney Opera House, Statue of Liberty, Burj Khalifa and skyscrapers and alike. The large buildings can be used for various purposes because to their usable space and area. Some of the world’s tallest structures known for their height are shown below: Petronas Twin Towers (RealChristianity). Shun Hing Square (Hasan). Eiffel Tower of P aris has become a global icon and one of the most familiar structures of the world. It is the most visited monument around the globe. It is 324 meters tall and it has been the tallest structure of the world for over forty years. Had Eiffel Tower been only 30 meters tall, it would not have been as significant and widely known as it is today.

The growth of international human resource management Literature review

The growth of international human resource management - Literature review Example Human resource management is facing stiff challenges now because of the diverse workforce in organizations and hence writing about HRM is worth now. The purpose of this article is to educate the readers about the importance of the International Journal of Human Resource Management (IJHRM) by Michael Poole and the publication of the first text book on IHRM, by Peter Dowling and Randall Schuler. In my opinion, this article is useful in giving the readers about the origin of publications in IHRM. The method used in this article is a comparative study. The author tried to link the parallel growth and progress of the field of IHRM to the evolution of the Dowling et al. book. This methodology helped the author to explain clearly about the importance of International Journal of Human Resource Management (IJHRM) and the Dowling et al. book in the current context of international business. This methodology seems to be appropriate for this article as the readers are getting ideas about the publications in the past and present in international human resource management. In this article, Barry Gerhart pointed out two major events took place in the field of international human resource management; the founding of the International Journal of Human Resource Management (IJHRM) by Michael Poole and the publication of the first text book on IHRM, which had as its main focus, HR in multinational corporations, by Peter Dowling and Randall Schuler (Gerhart, 2008, page1989, paragraph 1, line number 1-7). Moreover, the author also describes the parallel growth and progress of the field of IHRM, and link it to the evolution of the Dowling et al book since it first appeared in 1990 (Gerhart, 2008, page1989, paragraph 2, line number 6). The author argues that the IHRM world was much different than it is today when the Dowling et al text was first published in 1990. In his opinion, there